These include verb-adverb combinations, in addition to several miscellaneous tendencies that are enumerated and exemplified. The article concludes with an examination of the grammatical and lexical tendencies in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Because of the great importance of the Oxford English Dictionary, it is dealt with in a separate section. Then renewed objection to certain words and expressions is tackled and exemplified, with a short note on the Society for Pure English. Renewed interest in spelling reform is discussed in terms of British, American, and Swedish efforts. Considered also are the varieties of English used in the former British Empire, namely Australian and New Zealand English, South African English, West and East African English, South Asian English, English in Singapore, Malaysia, and Hong Kong, English in the Caribbean, as well as English in Canada. Dialects of British English are then tackled in terms of the dialects of northern and southern England, the speech of the great midland, the dialect of Scotland, and finally Irish English. Discussed also are the changes of meaning in terms of extension of meaning, narrowing of meaning, degeneration of meaning, and regeneration of meaning. The influence of journalism on English in terms of colloquialisms, slang, and verbal novelties constitutes the point covered in the following section. trans-, post-, pre-, counter-, super-, sub-, de-, -dom, -ster, and –eer coining words forming acronyms blending words forming common words from proper names and using old words with new meanings. These sources are: borrowing words form languages such as French, Italian, Spanish, German, Russian, Czech, Indian, Persian, Chinese, and Japanese self-explaining compounds making compounds from Greek and Latin elements attaching prefixes and suffixes to existing words, e.g. The sources of the new words form the subject matter of the following section.
Following this the article deals with the effect of the World Wars I and II on English. It then moves on to a discussion of the new scientific terms that appeared in the language in such fields as medicine electricity physics atomic energy and nuclear weapons chemistry psychology space science the automobile and related activities film, radio, and television digital computers as well as popular terms.
The article starts with a short account of the factors affecting the English language in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
0 kommentar(er)
